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Nevertheless, arranged against them, a diverse life thrives on ocean depths with bone pressure, low-acid, without light and extremely cold temperatures.
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A new study analyzes the evolutionary history of 11 species of deep sea from an environment extending from the Central Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific Ocean and found that all species contain the convergent evolution of RTF1 A gene that improves the efficiency of higher pressure transcription.
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Although other evolutionary changes also support the survival of deep -wing species, this universal adaptation shows that nature uses such an evolutionary solution when faces huge environmental challenges.
Life is not easy in the Hadal area. The deepest region of the world’s oceans – that runs over 6000 meters (19 700 feet) below the surface – the area is a pressure of up to 1100 times more than the ground atmosphere at sea level. However, extreme pressure-to-do not mention bone temperatures, low oxygen levels and absolute darkness-life booms in these ultra-deep trenches, fractures and openings, as well as a new study Posted in the magazine Cage He explores how nature has taken this incredible feat.
In this new study, scientists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Northwestern Polytechnic University and the BGI-Qingdao (Institute of Gen. Research) examine deep-water fishing habitats from the Central Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific, including the deepest point on the surface of the planet, using various exploratory trips, using different exploratory tribulations. From these habitats, researchers have reconstructed the evolutionary history of six major animal groups in 11 species, including snails, triangle, boxes and lizards. While some species come from the Hadal Zone, this study also included samples found up to 1218 meters (nearly 4000 feet), which is still considered a “deep sea” by definition.
This process identifies two major “paths” for a deep -sea evolution of fish, which largely supported a centuries -old hypothesis that tried to answer how animals develop to live in these seemingly inhospitable environments. The first time the researchers call the “ancient survivors”, refers to species that have called these dark depths at home for tens or maybe even hundreds of millions of years. These organisms specifically move before The event for the mass disappearance of the final chalk about 66 million years ago. However, the “new immigrants” are species that are recent arrival (at least geologically speaking) that arrived in the Hadala area after the disappearance of all ground dinosaurs.
However, in these different animal groups, species and roads, researchers notice that all specimens containing a highly preserved mutation have influenced RTF1 Jean, if the fish lived under 3000 meters (nearly 10,000 feet). They have found that this gene affects the efficiency of transcription specifically in high pressure environments and is probably the genetic mechanism for adapting to the crush pressure found at these depths. This is an example of a convergent evolution in which individual species develop such evolutionary changes, although they do not have a recent common ancestor.
They also found that the invertebrates were much more likely to survive in a deeper ocean depths for two main reasons.
“First, as top predators, vertebrates require specific environmental conditions, including sufficient prey populations,” the authors write. “Second, vertebrates can face significant challenges of high pressure and darkness of the deep sea, probably because of the sensitivity of their complex central nervous system.”
The authors note that although they have discovered convergent evolutionary explanations for the deep -sea survival of these species, it is probably a variety of other genetic changes to further support the ability of these beings to survive in the impossible. The team also found traces of anthropogenic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBS), and believes that future studies should analyze how this pollution can affect those incredible animals that already survive against all odds.
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